Publications:
Complete listing (Chronological Listing)
Books:
1. Fry, W. E. 1982. Principles of Plant Disease Management. Academic Press, NY. 378 p.
2. Leonard, K. J. & W. E. Fry. (eds.) 1986. Plant Disease Epidemiology. Vol. 1. Population Dynamics and Management. Macmillan, New York. 372 pp.
3. Leonard, K. J. & W. E. Fry. (eds.) 1988. Plant disease epidemiology. Vol. 2. Genetics, Resistance, and Management, McGraw Hill, New York. 377 pp.
4. Zalom, F. G. and Fry, W. E., Eds. 1992. Food, Crop Pests, and the Environment. St. Paul, MN, American Phytopathological Society Press. 179p.
Research Papers in Refereed Journals:
1. Fry, W. E. & R. L. Millar. 1971. Cyanide tolerance in Stemphylium loti. Phytopathology 61:494-500.
2. Fry, W. E. & R. L. Millar. 1971. Development of cyanide tolerance in Stemphylium loti. Phytopathology 71:501-506.
3. Fry, W. E. & R. L. Millar. 1972. Cyanide degradation of an enzyme from Stemphylium loti. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 151:468-474.
4. Fry, W. E. 1975. Integrated effects of polygenic resistance and a protective fungicide on development of potato late blight. Phytopathology 65:908-911.
5. Fry, W. E. & D. C. Munch. 1975. Hydrogen cyanide detoxification by Gloeocercospora sorghi. Physiol. Plant Pathol. 7:23-33.
6. Fry, W. E. 1977. Integrated control of potato late blight -- Effects of polygenic resistance and techniques of timing fungicide applications. Phytopathology 67:415-420.
7. Fry, W. E. & P. H. Evans. 1977. Association of formamide hydro-lyase with fungal pathogenicity to cyanogenic plants. Phytopathology 67:1001-1006.
8. Fry, W. E. 1978. Quantification of general resistance of potato cultivars and fungicide effects for integrated control of potato late blight. Phytopathology 68:1650-1655.
9. Myers, D. F. & W. E. Fry. 1978. Hydrogen cyanide potential during pathogenesis of sorghum by Gloeocercospora sorghi or Helminthosporium sorghicola. Phytopathology 68:1037-1041.
10. Myers, D. F. & W. E. Fry. 1978. The development of Gloeocercospora sorghi in sorghum. Phytopathology 68:1147-1155.
11. Myers, D. F. & W. E. Fry. 1978. Enzymatic release and metabolism of hydrogen cyanide in sorghum infected by Gloeocercospora sorghi. Phytopathology 68:1717-1722.
12. Fry, W. E., R. I. Bruck, & C. C. Mundt. 1979. Retardation of potato late blight epidemics by fungicides with eradicant and protectant properties. Plant Dis. Rep. 63:970-974.
13. Bruhn, J. A., W. E. Fry, and G. W. Fick. 1980. Simulation of daily weather data using theoretical probability distribution. J. Appl. Meterology 19:1029-1036.
14. Bruck, R. I., W. E. Fry, & A. E. Apple. 1980. Effects of metalaxyl an acylalanine fungicide on developmental stages of Phytophthora infestans. Phytopathology 70:597-601.
15. Fry, W. E. & H. D. Thurston. 1980. The relationship of plant pathology to integrated pest management. BioScience 30:665-669.
16. Rust, L. A., W. E. Fry & S. V. Beer. 1980. Hydrogen cyanide sensitivity in bacterial pathogens of cyanogenic and noncyanogenic plants. Phytopathology 70:1005-1008.
17. Fry, W. E. 1980. Integration of host resistance and pesticides to manage disease. Protection Ecology 2:259-264.
18. Bruck, R. I., W. E. Fry, A. E. Apple, & C. C. Mundt. 1981. Effect of protectant fungicides on the developmental stages of Phytophthora infestans in potato foliage. Phytopathology 71:164-166.
19. Bruhn, J. A. & W. E. Fry. 1981. Analysis of potato late blight epidemiology via simulation modeling. Phytopathology 71:612.616.
20. Minogue, K. P. & W. E. Fry. 1981. Effect of temperature, relative humidity, and rehydration rate on the germination of dried sporangia of Phytophthora infestans. Phytopathology 71:1181-1184.
21. Bruhn, J. A. & W. E. Fry. 1982. A statistical model of fungicide deposition in a potato canopy. Phytopathology 72:1301-1305.
22. Bruhn, J. A. & W. E. Fry. 1982. A mathematical model of the spatial and temporal dynamics of chlorothalonil residues in a potato canopy. Phytopathology 71:1306-1312.
23. James, R. V. & W. E. Fry. 1983. The potential for Phytophthora infestans populations to adapt to potato cultivars with rate-reducing resistance. Phytopathology 73:984-988.
24. Paysour, R. E. & W. E. Fry. 1983. Interplot interference: A model for planning field experiments with aerially disseminated pathogens. Phytopathology 73:1014-1020.
25. Fry, W. E., A. E. Apple, & J. A. Bruhn. 1983. Evaluation of potato late blight forecasts modified to incorporate host resistance and fungicide weathering. Phytopathology 73:1054-1059.
26. Garber, R. C., W. E. Fry. & O. C. Yoder. 1983. Conditional field epidemics on plants: A resource for research in population biology. Ecology 1653-1655.
27. Minogue, K. P. & W. E. Fry. 1983. Some models for the spread of disease in space: model description. Phytopathology 73:1168-1173.
28. Minogue, K. P. & W. E. Fry. 1983. Some models for the spread of disease in space: model validation. Phytopathology 73:1173-1176.
29. Fry, W. E., O. C. Yoder, & A. E. Apple. 1984. Influence of naturally-occurring marker genes on the ability of Cochliobolus heterostrophus to induce field epidemics. Phytopathology 74:175-178.
30. Spadafora, V. J., J. A. Bruhn, & W. E. Fry. 1984. Influence of selected protectant fungicides and host resistance on simple and complex potato late blight forecasts. Phytopathology 74:519‑523.
31. Fohner, G. R., W. E. Fry, & G. B. White. 1984. Computer simulation raises question about timing protectant fungicide application frequency according to a potato late blight forecast. Phytopathology 74:1145‑1147.
32. Tooley, P. W. & W. E. Fry. 1985. Field assessments of fitness of isolates of Phytophthora infestans. Phytopathology 75:982‑988.
33. Tooley, P. W., W. E. Fry, & M. J. Villarreal Gonzalez. 1985. Isozyme characterization of sexual and asexual Phytophthora infestans populations. Journal of Heredity 76:431‑435.
34. Fry, W. E. & A. E. Apple. 1986. Disease management implications of age‑related changes in susceptibility of potato foliage to Phytophthora infestans. American Potato Journal 63:47‑56.
35. Shattock, R. C., P. W. Tooley, & W. E. Fry. 1986. Genetics of Phytophthora infestans: Characterization of single‑oospore cultures from A1 isolate induced to self by intraspecific stimulation. Phytopathology 76:407‑410.
36. Shattock, R. C., P. W. Tooley, & W. E. Fry. 1986. Genetics of Phytophthora infestans: Determination of recombination, segregation, and selfing by isozyme analysis. Phytopathology 76:410‑413.
37. Tooley, P. W., J. A. Sweigard, & W. E. Fry. 1986. Fitness and virulence of Phytophthora infestans isolates from sexual and asexual populations. Phytopathology 76:1209‑1212.
38. Milgroom, M. G., & W. E. Fry. 1987. A metalaxyl bioassay for large number of small foliar samples. Phytopathology 77:237‑240.
39. van Bruggen, A. H. C., M. G. Milgroom, J. F. Osmeloski, W. E. Fry, & J. S. Jacobson. 1987. Attenuation of metalaxyl on potato leaves by simulated acidic rain and residence time. Phytopathology 77:401‑406.
40. Milgroom, M. G. & W. E. Fry. 1988. A simulation analysis of the epidemiological principles for fungicide resistance management in pathogen populations. Phytopathology 78:565‑570.
41. Milgroom, M. G. & W. E. Fry. 1988. A model for the effects of metalaxyl on potato late blight epidemics. Phytopathology 78:559‑565.
42. Milgroom, M. G., C. E. McCulloch & W. E. Fry. 1988. Distribution and temporal dynamics of metalaxyl in potato foliage. Phytopathology 78:555‑559.
43. Doster, M. A., J. A. Sweigard, & W. E. Fry. 1989. The influence of host resistance and climate on the initial appearance on foliar late blight of potato from infected seed tubers. Am. Potato J. 66:227-233.
44. Pelletier, J. R. & W. E. Fry. 1989. Characterization of resistance to early blight in three potato cultivars: incubation period, lesion expansion rate, and spore production. Phytopathology 79:511-517.
45. Spielman, L. J., B. J. McMaster, & W. E. Fry. 1989. Dominance recessiveness, and linkage of loci for virulence against potato and tomato in Phytophthora infestans. Theoretical and Applied Genetics:832-838.
46. Shtienberg, D., M. A. Doster, J. R. Pelletier, & W. E. Fry. 1989. Use of simulation models to develop a low risk strategy to suppress early and late blight in potato foliage. Phytopathology 79:590-595.
47. Spielman, L. J., J. A. Sweigard, R. C. Shattock, and W. E. Fry. 1990. The genetics of Phytophthora infestans: segregation of allozyme markers in F2 and backcross progeny and the inheritance of virulence against potato resistance genes R2 and R4 in F1 progeny. Exp. Mycol.14:57-69.
48. Shtienberg, D., S. N. Bergeon, A. G. Nicholson, E. E. Ewing, & W. E. Fry. 1990. Development and evaluation of a general model for yield loss assessment in potatoes. Phytopathology 80:466-472.
49. Shtienberg, D. & W. E. Fry. 1990. Quantitative analysis of host resistance, fungicide, and weather effects on potato early and late blight using computer simulation models. American Potato Journal 67:277-286.
50. Pelletier, J. R. & W. E. Fry. 1990. Characterization of resistance to early blight in three potato cultivars:Receptivity. Phytopathology 80:361-366.
51. Shtienberg, D. & W. E. Fry. 1990. Field and computer simulation evaluation of spray-scheduling methods of control of early and late blight of potato. Phytopathology 80:772-777.
52. Shtienberg, D. & W. E. Fry. 1990. Influence of host resistance and crop rotation on initial appearance of potato early blight. Plant Disease 74:849-852.
53. Fry, W. E. & D. Shtienberg. 1990. Integration of host resistance and fungicide to manage potato diseases. Can. J. Plant Pathology 12:111-116.
54. Doster, M. A., M. G. Milgroom, & W. E. Fry. 1990. Quantification of factors influencing potato late blight suppression and selection for metalaxyl resistance in Phytophthora infestans: A simulation approach. Phytopathology 81:1190-1198.
55. Doster, M. A. & W. E. Fry. 1991. Evaluation by computer simulation of strategies to time metalaxyl applications for improved control of potato late blight. Crop Protection 10:209-214.
56. Spielman, L. J., Drenth, A, Davidse, L. C. Sujkowski, L. J., Gu, W. K., Tooley, P. W. and Fry, W. E. 1991. A second world-wide migration and population displacement of Phytophthora infestans? Plant Pathology 40:422-430.
57. Fry, W. E., Drenth, A., Spielman, L. J., Mantel, B. C., Davidse, L. C., and Goodwin, S. B. 1991. Population genetic structure of Phytophthora infestans in the Netherlands . Phytopathology 81:1330-1336.
58. Spielman, L. J., B. J. McMaster, and W. E. Fry. 1992. Relationships among measurements of fitness and disease severity in Phytophthora infestans. Plant Pathology. 41: 327-324.
59. Goodwin, S. B., A. Drenth, and W. E. Fry. 1992. Cloning and genetic analyses of two highly polymorphic; moderately repetitive nuclear DNAs from Phytophthora infestans. Current Genetics 22:107-115.
60. Parker, J. M., H. D. Thurston, M. J. Villarreal-Gonzalez, and W. E. Fry. 1992. Stability of disease expression in the potato late blight pathosystem:A preliminary field study. Am. Potato J. 69: 635-644.
61. Goodwin, S.B., L.J.Spielman, J.M.Matuszak, S.N.Bergeron, and W.E.Fry. 1992. Clonal diversity and genetic differentiation of Phytophthora infestans populations in northern and central Mexico . Phytopathology. 82: 955-961.
62. Raposo, R., Wilks, D. S., and Fry, W. E. 1993. Evaluation of potato late blight forecasts modified to include weather forecasts: A simulation analysis. Phytopathology 83: 103-108.
63. Therrien, C. D., Tooley, P. W., Spielman, L. J., Fry, W. E., Ritch, D. L. and Shelly, S. E. 1993. Nuclear DNA content, allozyme phenotypes and metalaxyl sensitivity of Phytophthora infestans from Japan . Mycological Research 97: 945‑950.
64. Gu, W.‑K., Spielman, L. J., Matuszak, J. M., Aist, J. R., Bayles, C. J. and Fry, W. E. 1993. Measurement of nuclear DNA contents of Mexican isolates of Phytophthora infestans. Mycological Research 97: 857‑860.
65. Drenth, A., Goodwin, S. B., Fry, W. E. and Davidse, L. C. 1993. Genotypic diversity of Phytophthora infestans in the Netherlands revealed by DNA polymorphism. Phytopathology 83: 1087‑1092.
66. Fry, W. E., Goodwin, S. B., Dyer, A. T., Matuszak, J. M., Drenth, A., Tooley, P. W., Sujkowski, L. S., Koh, Y. J., Cohen, B. A., Spielman, L. J., Deahl, K. L., Inglis, D. A., and Sandlan, K. P. 1993. Historical and recent migrations of Phytophthora infestans: chronology, pathways, and implications. Plant Dis. 77: 653-661.
67. Goodwin, S. B. and Fry, W. E. 1994. Genetic analysis of interspecific hybrids between Phytophthora infestans and P. mirabilis. Exp. Mycol 18: 20‑32.
68. Shtienberg, D., Raposo, R., Bergeron, S. N., Legard, D. E., Dyer, A. T. and Fry, W. E. 1994. Incorporation of cultivar resistance in a reduced‑sprays strategy to suppress early and late blights on potato. Plant Disease 78: 23‑26.
69. Sujkowski, L. S., Goodwin, S. B., Dyer, A. T. and Fry, W. E. 1994. Increased genotypic diversity via migration and possible occurrence of sexual reproduction of Phytophthora infestans in Poland . Phytopathology 84: 201‑207.
70. Goodwin, S. B., Cohen, B. A., Deahl, K. L. and Fry, W. E. 1994. Migration from northern Mexico was the probable cause of recent genetic changes in populations of Phytophthora infestans in the United States and Canada . Phytopathology 84: 553-558.
71. Koh, Y. J., Goodwin, S. B., Dyer, A. T., Cohen, B. A., Ogoshi, A., Sato, N. and Fry, W. E. 1994. Migrations and displacements of Phytophthora infestans populations in east Asian countries. Phytopathology 84: 922-927.
72. Matuszak, J. M., Fernandez-Elquezabal, J., Gu, W.-K., Villarreal-Gonzalez, M., and Fry, W. E. 1994. Sensitivity of Phytophthora infestans populations to Metalaxyl in Mexico : Distribution and Dynamics. Plant Disease 78: 911-916.
73. Goodwin, S. B., Cohen, B. A. and Fry, W. E. 1994. Panglobal distribution of a single clonal lineage of the Irish potato famine fungus. Proc. Nat'l. Acad. Sci USA 91: 11591‑11595.
74. Goodwin, S. B., Sujkowski, L. S., Dyer, A. T., Fry, B. A. and Fry, W. E. 1995. Direct detection of gene flow and probable sexual reproduction of Phytophthora infestans in northern North America. Phytopathology 85: 473-479.
75. Goodwin, S. B., Sujkowski, L. S. and Fry, W. E. 1995. Rapid evolution of pathogenicity within clonal lineages of the potato late blight disease fungus. Phytopathology 85: 669‑676.
76. Goodwin, S. B., Schneider, R. E. and Fry, W. E. 1995. Cellulose‑acetate electrophoresis provides rapid identification of allozyme genotypes of Phytophthora infestans. Plant Disease 79: 1181-1185.
77. Legard, D. E., Lee, T. Y. and Fry, W. E. 1995. Pathogenic specialization in Phytophthora infestans: aggressiveness on tomato. Phytopathology 85: 1362-1367.
78. Sujkowski, L. S., Fry, B. A., Power, R. J., Goodwin, S. B., Peever, T. L., Hamlen, R. A. and Fry, W. E. 1995. Sensitivities of Mexican isolates of Phytophthora infestans to chlorothalonil, cymoxanil, and metalaxyl. Plant Disease 79: 1117-1120.
79. Inglis, D. A., Johnson, D. A., Legard, D. E., Fry, W. E., and Hamm, P. B. 1996. Relative resistances of potato cultivars to new populations of Phytophthora infestans. Plant Disease 80: 575-578.
80. Goodwin, S. B., Sujkowski, L. S., and Fry, W. E. 1996. Widespread distribution and probable origin of resistance to metalaxyl in clonal genotypes of Phytophthora infestansin the United States and western Canada . Phytopathology 86: 793-800.
81. Legard, D. E. and W. E. Fry 1996. Evaluation of field experiments by direct allozyme analysis of late blight lesions caused by Phytophthora infestans. Mycologia 88: 608-612.
82. Sujkowski, L. S., Goodwin, S. B. and Fry, W. E. 1996. Changes in specific virulence in Polish populations of Phytophthora infestans: 1985-1991. European Journal of Plant Pathology 102: 555-561.
83. Blanchinski, D., Shtienberg, D., Dinoor, A., Kafkafi, U., Sujkowski, L.S., and Fry, W.E., 1996. Influence of foliar application of nitrogen and potassium on Alternaria diseases in potato, tomato, and cotton. Phytoparasitica, 24((4)): p. 281-292.
84. Fry, W.E., 1996. Emerging and reemerging disease of plants. American Society for Microbiology News, 1996. 62(11): p. 595-597.
85. Fry, W.E. and Goodwin, S.B., 1997. Resurgence of the Irish Potato Famine Fungus. Bioscience, 47: 363-371.
86. Forbes, G.A., Escobar, X.C., Ayala, C.C., Revelo, J., Ordonez, M.E., Fry, B.A., Doucett, K., and Fry, W.E., 1997. Population genetic structure of Phytophthora infestans in Ecuador . Phytopathology, . 87: 375-380.
87. Fay, J. C., and Fry, W. E. 1997. Effects of hot and cold temperatures on the survival of oospores produced by United States strains of Phytophthora infestans. American Potato Journal , 74: 315-323.
88. Kato, M., Mizubuti, E. S. G., Goodwin, S. B. and Fry, W. E., 1997. Sensitivity to protectant fungicides and pathogenic fitness of clonal lineages of Phytophthora infestans in the United States <.< Phytopathology 87, 973-978.
89. Fry, W. E. and Goodwin, S. B. (1997) Re-emergence of potato and tomato late blight in the United States and Canada <. Plant Disease 81, 1349-1357.
90. Forbes, G. A., Goodwin, S. B., Drenth, A., Oyarzun, P., Ordonez, M. E. and Fry, W. E. 1998. A global marker database for Phytophthora infestans. Plant Disease 82: 811-818.
91. Goodwin, S. B., Smart, C. D., Sandrock, R. W., Deahl, K. L., Punja, Z. K. and Fry, W. E. 1998. Genetic change within populations of Phytophthora infestans in the United States and Canada < during 1994 to 1996: Role of migration and recombination. Phytopathology 88: (939-949).
92. Mizibuti, E. S. G. and Fry, W. E. 1998. Temperature effects on developmental stages of isolates of three clonal lineages of Phytophthora infestans. Phytopathology 88: (837-843).
93. Haynes, K. G., Lambert, D. H., Christ, B. J., Weingartner, D. P., Douches, D. S., Backlund, J. E., Secor, G., Fry, W. E. and Stevenson, W. .1998. “Phenotypic stability of resistance to late blight in potato clones evaluated at eight sites in the United States .” American Journal of Potato Research 75: 211-218.
94. Smart, C. D., M. R. Willmann, Mayton, H., Mizubuti, E. S. G., Sandrock, R. W., Muldoon, A. E., and Fry, W. E. 1998. “Self-fertility in two clonal lineages of Phytophthora infestans.” Fungal Genetics and Biology 25: 134-142.
95. Lee, T. Y., Mizubuti, E. and Fry, W. E. 1999. “Genetics of metalaxyl resistance in Phytophthora infestans.” Fungal Genetics and Biology: 26, 118-130.
96. Goodwin, S. B., Legard, D.E., Smart, C. D., Levy, M. and Fry, W. E. 1999. Gene flow analysis of molecular markers confirms that Phytophthora mirabilis and P. infestans are separate species. Mycologia. 91: 796-810.
97. Dorrance, A. E., Inglis, D. A., Derie, M. L., Brown, C. R., Goodwin, S. B., Fry, W. E. and Deahl, K. L. (1999) Characterization of Phytophthora infestans populations in western Washington. Plant Disease 83, 423-428.
98. van West, P., Reid, B., Campbell, T. A., Sandrock, R. W., Fry, W. E., Kamoun, S. and Gow, N. A. R. .1999. “Green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter gene for the plant pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora palmivora.” FEMS Microbiology Letters 178: 71-80.
99. Ewing, E. E., Simko, I., Smart, C. D., Bonierbale, M. W., G., E. S., Mizubuti, E. S. G., May, G. D. and Fry, W. E. (2000) Genetic mapping from field tests of qualitative and quantitative resistance to Phytophthora infestans in a population derived from Solanum tuberosum and Solanum berthaultii. Molecular Breeding. 6: 25-36.
100. Mizubuti, E. S. G., Aylor, D. E. and Fry, W. E. (2000) Survival of Phytophthora infestans sporangia exposed to solar radiation. Phytopathology 90: 78-84.
101. Ordonez, M. E., Hohl, H. R., Velasco, A., Ramon, M. P., Oyazun, P. J., Smart, C. D., Fry, W. E., Forbes, G. A, and Erselius, L. J. (2000) A novel A2 population of Phytophthora similar to P. infestans attacks wild Solanum species in Ecuador . Phytopathology 90, 197-202
102. Vega-Sanchez, M. E., L. J. Erselius, A. M. Rodriguez, O. Bastidas, H. R. Hohl, P. S. Ojiambo, J. Mukalazi, T. Vermeulen, W. E. Fry and G. A. Forbes (2000). “Host adaptation to potato and tomato within the US-1 clonal lineage of Phytophthora infestans in Uganda and Kenya .” Plant Pathology 49: 531-539..
103. Grunwald, N. J., Rubio-Covarrubias, O. A., and Fry, W. E. .2000. “Potato Late Blight management in the Toluca Valley: Forecasts and resistant cultivars.” Plant Disease 84: 410-416.
104. Gavino, P. D., Smart, C. D., Sandrock, R. W., Miller, J. S., Hamm, P. B., Lee, T. Y., Davis, R. M. and Fry, W. E. 2000. Implications of sexual reproduction for Phytophthora infestans in the United States : generation of an aggressive lineage. Plant Disease 84 : 731-735.
105. Smart, C. D., Mayton, H., Mizubuti, E. S. G., Willmann, M. R. and Fry, W. E. 2000. Environmental and genetic factors influencing self-fertility in Phytophthora infestans. Phytopathology 90 : 987-994.
106. Mayton, H., Smart, C. D., Moravec, B. C., Mizubuti, E. S. G., Muldoon, A. E. and Fry, W. E. 2000. Oospore survival and pathogenicity of single oospore recombinant progeny from a cross involving the US-8 and US-17 lineages of Phytophthora infestans. Plant Disease 84: 1190-1196.
107. Elansky, S., Smirnov, A., Dyakov, Y., Dolgova, A., Filippov, A., Kozlovsky, B., Kozlovskaya, I.<, Russo, P., Smart, C., and Fry, W. 2001. Genotypic analysis of Russian isolates of Phytophthora infestans from the Moscow region, Siberia and Far East. Journal of Phytopathology 149: 605-611.
108. Mayton, H., Forbes, G. A., Mizubuti, E. S. G. and Fry, W. E. 2001. The roles of three fungicides in the epidemiology of potato late blight. Plant Disease 85:1006-1012.
109. Grünwald, N. J., Flier, W. G., Sturbaum, A. K., Garay-Serrano, E., van den Bosch, T. B. M., Smart, C. D., Matuszak, J. M., Lozoya-Saldaña, H., Turkensteen, L. J. and Fry, W. E. 2001. Population structure of Phytophthora infestans in the Toluca Valley region of Central Mexico. Phytopathology 91:882-890<.
110. Aylor, D. E., Fry, W. E., Mayton, H. and Andrade-Piedra, J. 2001. Quantifying the rate of release and escape of Phytophthora infestans sporangia from a potato canopy. Phytopathology 91: 1189-1196.
111. Flier, W. G., N. J. Grunwald, W. E. Fry and L. J. Turkensteen (2001). "Formation, production and viability of oospores of Phytophthora infestans from potato and Solanum demissum in the Toluca Valley, central Mexico ." Mycological Research. 105: 998-1006.
112. Fry, W. E. (2001). "Molecular tools in epidemiology of plant diseases with special reference to potato-Phytophthora infestans pathosystem." Plant Disease Research 16(1): 1-9.
113. Smart, C. D. and W. E. Fry (2001). "Invasions by the late blight pathogen: renewed sex and enhanced fitness." Biological Invasions 3: 235-243 (actual appearance date is 2002).
114. Grunwald, N. J., M. A. Cadena-Hinojosa, O. Rubio-Covarrubias, A. Rivera-Pena, J. S. Niederhauser and W. E. Fry (2002). "Potato cultivars from the Mexican national potato program: Sources and durability of resistance against late blight." Phytopathology 92: (688-693)
115. Gavino, P. D. and W. E. Fry (2002). "“Diversity in and evidence for selection on the mitochondrial genome of Phytophthora infestans”." Mycologia: : 94: 781-793.
116. Lee, T. Y., I. Simko and W. E. Fry (2002). "Genetic control of aggressiveness to tomato in Phytophthora infestans." Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 24: 471-480.
117. Grunwald, N. J., G. Romero-Montes, H. Lozoya-Saldana, O. A. Rubio-Covarrubias and W. E. Fry (2002). "Potato late blight management in the Toluca< Valley: Field validation of SimCast modified for cultivars with high field resistance." Plant Disease 86: 1163-1168.
118. Haynes, K. G., B. J. Christ, D. P. Weingartner, D. S. Douches, C. A. Thill, G. Secor, W. E. Fry and D. H. Lambert (2002). "Foliar resistance to late blight in potato clones evaluated in national trials in 1997." American Journal of Potato Research 79(6): 451-457.
119. McLeod, A., C. D. Smart, and W. E. Fry, (2003) Characterization of 1, 3-(Beta)-Glucanase and 1, 3; 1, 4-(Beta)-Glucanase Genes from Phytophthora infestans" Fungal Genetics and Biology 38: 250-263.
120. Smart, C. D., K. L. Myers, S. Restrepo, G. B. Martin and W. E. Fry (2003). "Partial resistance of tomato to Phytophthora infestans is not dependent upon ethylene, jasmonic acid or salicyclic acid signalling pathways." Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions: 16: 141-148.
121. Grunwald, N. J., S. B. Goodwin, M. G. Milgroom and W. E. Fry (2003). "Analysis of Genotypic Diversity Data for Populations of Microorganisms." Phytopathology 93: 738-746.
122. Ronning, C. M., S. Stegalkina, R. Ascenzi, O. Bougri, A. Hart, T. Utterbach, S. Vanaken, S. Riedmuller, J. White, J. Cho, G. Pertea, Y. Lee, S. Karamycheva, R. Sultana, J. Tsai, J. Quackenbush, H. Griffiths, S. Restrepo, C. D. Smart, W. E. Fry, R. van der Hoeven, S. Tanksley, P. Zhang, H. Jin, M. Yamamoto, B. Baker and C. R. Buell (2003). "Comparative Analyses of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) EST libraries." Plant Physiology 131: 419-429.
123. Flier, W. G., N. J. Grunwald, L. P. N. M. Kroon, A. K. Sturbaum, T. B. M. van den Bosch, E. Garay-Serrano, H. Lozoya-Saldana, W. E. Fry and L. J. Turkensteen (2003). "The population structure of Phytophthora infestans from the Toluca Valley of central Mexico suggests genetic differentiation between populations from cultivated potato and wild Solanum spp." Phytopathology 93: 382-390.
124. Reis, A., C. D. Smart, W. E. Fry, L. A. Maffia and E. S. G. Mizubuti (2003). "Characterization of isolates of Phytophthora infestans from southern and southeastern brazil from 1998-2000." Plant Disease 87: 896-900.
125. Fernandez-Pavia, S. P., N. J. Grunwald, M. Diaz-Valasis, M. A. Cadena-Hinojosa and W. E. Fry (2004). "Soil-borne oospores of Phytophthora infestans in central Mexico survive winter fall and infect potato plants in the field." Plant Disease: 88: 29-33.
126. McLeod, A., Smart, C. D., and Fry, W. E. (2004) Core promoter structure in the oomycete Phytophthora infestans. Eukaryotic Cell, 3: 91-99.
127. Zhang, D., M. T. Wells, C. D. Smart and W. E. Fry (2005). "Bayesian normalization and identification for differential gene expression data." Journal of Computational Biology 12: 391-406.
128. Andrade-Piedra, J., R. J. Hijmans, G. A. Forbes, W. E. Fry and R. J. Nelson (2005). "Simulation of potato late blight in the Andes: I, Modification and parameterization of the LATEBLIGHT model." Phytopathology 95: 1191-1199.
129. Andrade-Piedra, J., R. J. Hijmans, H. S. Juarez, G. A. Forbes, D. Shtienberg and W. E. Fry (2005). "Simulation of potato late blight in the Andes: II. Validation of the LATEBLIGHT model." Phytopathology 95: 1200-1208.
130. Becktell, M. C., M. L. Daughtrey and W. E. Fry (2005). "Epidemiology and management of petunia and tomato late blight in the greenhouse." Plant Disease 89: 1000-1008.
131. Becktell, M. C., M. L. Daughtrey and W. E. Fry (2005). "Temperature and leaf wetness requirements for pathogen establishment, incubation period and sporulation of Phytophthora infestans on Petunia x hybrida." Plant Disease 89: 975-979.
132. Forbes, G. A., M. G. Chacon, H. G. Kirk, M. A. Huarte, M. Van Damme, S. Distel, G. Mackay, H. E. Stewart, R. Lowe, J. M. Duncan, H. Mayton, W. E. Fry, D. Andrivon, D. Ellisseche, R. Pelle, H. W. Platt, G. MacKenzie, T. R. Tarn, L. T. Colon, D. J. Budding, H. Lozoya-Saldana, A. Hernandez-Vilchis and S. Capezio (2005). "Stability of resistance to Phytophthora infestans in potato: an international evaluation." Plant Pathology 54: 364-372.
133. Restrepo, S., K. L. Myers, O. del Pozo, G. B. Martin, A. L. Hart , C. R. Buell, W. E. Fry and C. D. Smart (2005). "Gene Profiling of a Compatible Interaction Between Phytophthora infestans and Solanum tuberosum Suggests a Role for Carbonic Anhydrase." Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions: 18: 913-922
134. Andrade-Piedra, J. L., Forbes, G. A., Shtienberg, D., Grünwald, N. J.,Chacón, M. G., Taipe, M. V., Hijmans, R. J., and Fry, W. E. 2005.Qualification of a plant disease simulation model: Performance of the LATEBLIGHT model across a broad range of environments. Phytopathology 95:1412-1422.
135. Kuang, H., Wei, F., Marano, M. R., Wirtz, U., Wang, X., Liu, J., Shum, W. P., Zaborsky, J.,Tallon, L. J., Rensink, W., Lobst, S., Zhang, P., Tornqvist, C.-E., Tek, A., Bamberg, J., Helgeson, J., Fry, W., You, F., Luo, M.-C., Jiang, J., C., R. B. and Baker, B. (2005). The R1 resistance gene cluster contains three groups of independently evolving, type I R1 homologues and shows substantial structural variation among haplotypes of Solanum demissum. The Plant Journal 44(1): 37-51.
136. Becktell, M. C., C. D. Smart, C. H. Haney and W. E. Fry (2006). "Host-pathogen interactions between Phytophthora infestans and the solanaceous hosts Calibrachoa x hybridus, Petunia x hybrida and Nicotiana benthamiana." Plant Disease 90: 24-32
137. Rauscher, G. M., C. D. Smart I. Simko, M. Bonierbale, H. Mayton, A. Greenland , W. E. Fry 2006. Characterization and mapping of RPi-ber, a novel potato late blight resistance gene from Solanum berthaultii. Theor Appl Genet 112: 674-687
138. Grunwald, N. J., Sturbaum, A. K., Montes, G. R., Serrano, E. G., Lozoya-Saldana, H. and Fry, W. E. 2006. "Selection for fungicide resistance within a growing season in field populations of Phytophthora infestans at the center of origin." Phytopathology 96 1397-1403.
139. Smart, C. D., Tanksley, S. D., Mayton, H. and Fry, W. E. (2007). Resistance to Phytophthora infestans in Lycopersicon pennellii. Plant Disease 91(8): 1045-1049.
140. Tauer, L. W., Fried, H. O. and Fry, W. E. (2007). Measuring Efficiencies of Academic Departments Within a College. Education Economics 15: 473-489.
141. Fry, W. E. (2008). Phytophthora infestans, the crop (and R gene) destroyer. Molecular Plant Pathology accepted November 2007.
142. McLeod, A., Fry, B., Zuluaga, A. P., Myers, K. and Fry, W. (2008). Toward improvements of oomycete transformation protocols. Eukaryotic Microbiology 55: (103-109).
143. Mayton, H., Myers, K. and Fry, W. E. (2008). Potato late blight in tubers - the role of foliar phosphonate applications in suppressing pre-harvest tuber infections. Crop Protection 27 943-950
144. Fry, W. E. (2008 (listed as 2007)). Canon of Potato Science: 10. Late Blight and Early Blight. Potato Research 50: 243-245.
145. Fry, W. E. (2008). Phytophthora infestans, the crop (and R gene) destroyer. Molecular Plant Pathology 9: 385-402.
146. Vargas, A. M., Ocampo, L. M. Q., C M. C., Carre N., Gonz A., Rojas, A., Zuluaga, A. P., Myers, K., Fry, W. E., Jim P., Bernal, A. J. and Restrepo, S. (2009). Characterization of Phytophthora infestans Populations in Colombia: First Report of the A2 Mating Type. Phytopathology 99(1): 82-88.
147. Runno-Paurson, E., Fry, W. E., Myers, K. L., Koppel, M. and M M. (2009). Characterisation of Phytophthora infestans isolates collected from potato in Estonia during 2002 European Journal of Plant Pathology 124: 565-575.
148. Mayton, H., Griffiths, H., Simko, I., Cheng, S., Lorenzen, J., De Jong, W. and Fry, W. E. (2009). Foliar and tuber late blight resistance in a Solanum tuberosum breeding population Plant Breeding: (in press) (See PDF of first page)
149. Cai, G., Myers, K., Hillman, B. I. and Fry, W. E. (2009). A novel virus of the late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, with two RNA segments and a supergroup 1 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Virology: (in press). (See PDF of first page)
Chapters Contributed to Books:
1. Fry, W. E. 1977. Fungicides in perspective. In Antifungal Compounds, Vol. I. M. R. Siegel and H. D. Sisler (eds.). Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. pp. 19-50.
2. Fry, W. E. 1977. Management with chemicals. In Plant Disease: An Advanced Treatise. Vol. I. How Disease is Managed. J. G. Horsfall and E. B. Cowling (eds.). Academic Press, New York. pp. 213-238.
3. Cetas, R. C., F. E. Manzer, W. E. Fry, O. E. Schultz, E. K. Wade, D. P. Weingartner, H. L. Dooley, S. S. Leach, L. E. Heidrick, & B. L. Richards, Jr. 1979. Procedures for testing foliar fungicides for potato late blight. In Methods for evaluating plant fungicides, nematicides, and bactericides. E. I. Zehr, Chrmn. of Ed. Committee. APS, St. Paul. pp. 63.69.
4. Fry, W. E., H. D. Thurston, K. Cathey, F. Holbrook, T. Lyons, J. B. Sieczka, D. Smith, & R. D. Sweet. 1979. Potential for intensified integrated management of potato pests in Northeastern USA. In Pest Management Strategies, Vol. II. Office of Technology Assessment, U. S. Congress. October, 1979.
5. Fry, W. E. 1981. Management of Late Blight. In Advances in Potato Pest Management J. H. Lashomb & T. Casagrande, eds. Hutchinson, Ross, Stroudsburg, PA. pp. 244-260.
6. Fry, W. E. & D. F. Myers. 1981. Hydrogen cyanide metabolism by fungal pathogens of cyanogenic plants. In Cyanide in Biology (B. Vennesland, E. E. Conn, C. J. Knowles, J. A. Westley, and F. Wissing, eds.). Academic Press, London. pp. 321-334.
7. Fry, W. E. & R. I. Bruck. 1981. Management of foliar pathogens in integrated plant protection for potatoes. In Proceedings of Symposia, International Congress of Plant Protection (1979). T. Kommedahl, ed. Amer. Phytopathological Soc., St., Paul, MN. 484-486.
8. Fry, W. E. & B. G. Tweedy. 1983. Introduction to disease control. In (T. Kommedahl, and P. Williams, eds.). Challenging Problems in Plant Health, Diamond Jubilee Volume for the American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. pp. 401-404.
9. Fry, W. E. & G. R. Fohner. 1985. Construction of predictive models: 1. Forecasting disease development. In Advances in Plant Pathology, Vol. 3, Mathematical Modeling of Crop Disease (C. A. Gilligan, ed). Academic Press, London. pp. 161‑178.
10. Manzer, F. R., W. E. Fry, D. P. Weingartner, R. C. Rowe, R. Loria. 1986. Field testing foliar fungicides for potato late blight control. In Methods for evaluating pesticides for control of plant pathogens. Am. Phytopathol. Soc., St. Paul, MN. pp. 197‑201.
11. Fry, W. E. 1986. Plant Microbes: Beneficial and Detrimental. In. Research for Tomorrow. 1986 Yearbook of Agriculture USDA, Washington, D. C. 124‑126.
12. Shattock, R. C., P. W. Tooley, J. Sweigard, & W. E. Fry. 1987. Genetic studies of Phytophthora infestans. In. Genetics and Plant Pathogenesis. (P. R. Day & G. J. Jellis, eds). Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, England . pp. 175‑185.
13. Fry, W. E. 1987. Advances in Disease Forecasting. In. Rational Pesticide Use. pp. 239‑252. (K. J. Brent and R. K. Atkin, eds.) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge United Kingdom . 348 pp.
14. Milgroom, M. G., S. A. Levin, & W. E. FRY. 1988. Population genetics theory and fungicide resistance. In. Plant Disease Epidemiology. Vol. 2. Genetics, Resistance, and Management. (K. J. Leonard and W. E. Fry, eds.) McGraw Hill, New York. pp. 340-367.
15. Fry, W. E. & M G. Milgroom. 1990. Population biology and management of fungicide resistance. (In) Managing Resistance to Agrochemicals (M. B. Green, H. M. LeBaron, & W. E. Moberg, eds.). American Chemical Society, Symposium Series 431. pp. 275-285.
16. Fry, W. E. & Spielman, L. J. 1991. Population Biology In Phytophthora infestans, the cause of late blight of potato. Vol. 7. Advances in Plant Pathology (D. S. Ingram and P. H. Williams, eds.) Academic Press, London pp. 171-192.
17. Fry, W. E., and Doster, M. A. 1991. Potato late blight: forecasts and disease suppression. In: Phytophthora (Lucas, J. A. Shattock, R. C., Shaw, D. S., and Cooke, L. R., eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK . pp. 326-336.
18. Fry, W. E., S.B.Goodwin, J.M.Matuszak, L.J.Spielman, M.G.Milgroom, and A. Drenth. 1992. Population genetics and intercontinental migrations of Phytophthora infestans. Annu Rev. Phytopathol. 30:107-29.
19. Fry, W. E. 1994. Role of early and late blight suppression in potato pest management. M. L. P. G. W. Zehnder R. K. Jansson, K. V. Raman. Advances in potato pest biology and management. APS Press. St. Paul. 166‑177.
20. Fry, W. E. and Goodwin, S. B. 1995. Recent migrations of Phytophthora infestans. L. J. Dowley, E. Bannon, L. R. Cooke, T. Keane and E. O'Sullivan. Phytophthora infestans 150. Boole Press, Ltd. 26 Temple Lane, Temple Bar. Dublin, Ireland . 89-95.
21. Fry, W. E. 1996. Potato, Irish. (In: McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology 1997, Sybil P. Parker, ed.) McGraw-Hill, NY. 379-380.
22. Milgroom, M. G. and Fry, W. E. 1997. “Contributions of population genetics to plant disease epidemiology and management.” Advances in Botanical Research 24: 1-30.
23. Fry, W. E. and E. S. Mizubuti 1998. Potato late blight. In. Epidemiology of Plant Diseases. D. G. Jones, Chapman and Hall.
24. Fry, W. E. 2000. Phytophthora infestans. Encyclopedia of Microbiology. San Diego, Academic Press. 3: 633-639.
25. Smart, C. D., Sandrock, R. W., and Fry, W. E. 2000. Molecular techniques and the mystery of the potato late blight pathogen. In Plant-Microbe Interactions. Volume 5: G. Stacey and N. Keen (eds). APS Press. St. Paul. pp 21-42.
26. Fry, W. E. (2000). Epidemiology of the new late blight with special emphasis on forecasting. Potato: Global Research and Development. S. M. Paul Khurana, G. S. Shekhawat, B. P. Singh and S. K. Pandey. Shimla, India , Indian Potato Association. 1: 509-512.
27. Fry, W. E., H. D. Thurston and W. R. Stevenson (2001). Late blight. Compendium of Potato Diseases. W. R. Stevenson, R. Loria, G. D. Franc and D. P. Weingartner, The American Phytopathological Society: 28-30.
28. Mizubuti, E. S. G. and Fry, W. E. (2006). Potato Late Blight. The epidemiology of Plant Diseases. B. M. Cooke, D. G. Jones and B. Kaye. the Netherlands , Springer: 445-471.
29.Forbes, G. A., Fry, W. E., Andrade-Piedra, J. L. and Shtienberg, D. (2008). Simulation models for potato late blight management and ecology. Integrated Management of Diseases Caused by Fungi, Phytoplasma and Bacteria. A. Ciancio and K. G. Mukerji (ed), Springer Science+Business Media B.V.: 161-177.
Arts quad at Cornell.